Tumor proliferation rate is one of the strongest prognostic factors in invasive breast cancer. Immunostaining with antibodies to Ki-67 antigen (MIB-1, MM-1 etc.) is the most commonly used method to assess the tumor proliferation rate. The result is expressed as a percentage of Ki-67 positive malignant cells or qualitatively using three classes (-, +., and ++).
Low Ki-67 index
High Ki-67 index
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